Manual de usuario de Labview (Ingles)

Introduction to LabVIEW LabVIEW Documentation Resources1-1 LabVIEW Template VIs, Example VIs, and Tools 1-4 LabVIEW Template VIs1-4 LabVIEW Example VIs 1-4 LabVIEW Tools 1-4 Chapter 2 Introduction to Virtual Instruments Front Panel2-1 Block Diagram2-2 Terminals2-3 Nodes2-4 Wires2-4 Structures2-4 Icon and Connector Pane 2-4 Using and Customizing VIs and SubVIs 2-5 Chapter 3 LabVIEW Environment Controls Palette3-1 Functions Palette3-1 Navigating the Controls and Functions Palettes 3-2 Tools Palette 3-3 Menus and the Toolbar 3-3 Menus 3-3 Shortcut Menus 3-4 Shortcut Menus in Run Mode3-4Contents LabVIEW User Manual vi nicom Toolbar 3-4 Context Help Window 3-4 Customizing Your Work Environment 3-5 Customizing the Controls and Functions Palettes 3-6 Adding VIs and Controls to the User and Instrument Drivers Subpalettes 3-6 Creating and Editing Custom Palette View 3-6 How LabVIEW Stores Views 3-7 Building ActiveX Subpalettes 3-7 Representing Toolsets and Modules in the Palettes 3-8 Setting Work Environment Options 3-8 How LabVIEW Stores Options 3-8 Windows 3-8 Mac OS 3-8 UNIX 3-9 Chapter 4 Building the Front Panel Configuring Front Panel Objects 4-1 Showing and Hiding Optional Elements 4-2 Changing Controls to Indicators and Indicators to Controls 4-2 Replacing Front Panel Objects 4-2 Configuring the Front Panel 4-3 Setting Keyboard Shortcuts for Controls 4-3 Controlling Button Behavior with Key Navigation 4-4 Setting the Tabbing Order of Front Panel Objects 4-4 Coloring Objects 4-5 Using Imported Graphics 4-5 Aligning and Distributing Objects 4-6 Grouping and Locking Objects 4-6 Resizing Objects 4-6 Scaling Front Panel Objects 4-7 Adding Space to the Front Panel without Resizing the Window 4-9 Front Panel Controls and Indicators 4-9 3D and Classic Controls and Indicators 4-9 Slides, Knobs, Dials, Digital Displays, and Time Stamps 4-10 Slide Controls and Indicators 4-10 Rotary Controls and Indicators 4-10 Digital Controls and Indicators 4-11 Numeric Formatting 4-11 Time Stamp Control and Indicator 4-11 Color Boxes 4-11 Color Ramps 4-12Contents © National Instruments Corporation vii LabVIEW User Manual Graphs and Charts 4-12 Buttons, Switches, and Lights 4-12 Text Entry Boxes, Labels, and Path Displays 4-13 String Controls and Indicators 4-13 Combo Box Controls 4-13 Path Controls and Indicators4-14 Invalid Paths 4-14 Empty Paths4-14 Array and Cluster Controls and Indicators4-14 Listboxes, Tree Controls, and Tables4-15 Listboxes 4-15 Tree Controls4-15 Tables 4-16 Ring and Enumerated Type Controls and Indicators 4-16 Ring Controls 4-17 Enumerated Type Controls 4-17 Advanced Enumerated Type Controls and Indicators4-18 Container Controls4-18 Tab Controls4-18 Subpanel Controls4-19 I/O Name Controls and Indicators4-20 Waveform Control 4-21 Digital Waveform Control 4-21 Digital Data Control4-21 Converting Data to Digital Data4-22 Acquiring a Digital Subset 4-23 Appending Digital Samples and Signals 4-24 Compressing Digital Data 4-24 Searching for a Pattern 4-24 References to Objects or Applications 4-25 Dialog Controls and Indicators4-25 Labeling 4-26 Captions4-27 Text Characteristics 4-27 Designing User Interfaces4-28 Using Front Panel Controls and Indicators 4-29 Designing Dialog Boxes4-29 Selecting the Screen Size4-30Contents LabVIEW User Manual viii nicom Chapter 5 Building the Block Diagram Relationship between Front Panel Objects and Block Diagram Terminals 5-1 Block Diagram Objects 5-1 Block Diagram Terminals 5-1 Control and Indicator Data Types 5-2 Constants 5-5 Universal Constants 5-5 User-Defined Constants 5-5 Block Diagram Nodes 5-6 Functions Overview 5-7 Numeric Functions 5-7 Boolean Functions 5-7 String Functions 5-8 Array Functions 5-8 Cluster Functions 5-8 Comparison Functions 5-9 Time and Dialog Functions 5-9 File I/O Functions 5-9 Waveform Functions 5-9 Application Control Functions 5-10 Advanced Functions 5-10 Adding Terminals to Functions 5-10 Using Wires to Link Block Diagram Objects 5-11 Automatically Wiring Objects 5-12 Manually Wiring Objects 5-13 Routing Wires 5-14 Selecting Wires 5-14 Correcting Broken Wires 5-14 Coercion Dots 5-15 Polymorphic VIs and Functions 5-16 Polymorphic VIs 5-16 Building Polymorphic VIs 5-17 Polymorphic Functions 5-19 Express VIs5-19 Creating Express VIs as SubVIs 5-19 Dynamic Data Type 5-20 Converting from Dynamic Data 5-21 Converting to Dynamic Data 5-22 Handling Variant Data 5-22 Numeric Units and Strict Type Checking 5-23 Units and Strict Type Checking 5-23Contents © National Instruments Corporation ix LabVIEW User Manual Block Diagram Data Flow 5-25 Data Dependency and Artificial Data Dependency5-26 Missing Data Dependencies5-27 Data Flow and Managing Memory5-27 Designing the Block Diagram5-28 Chapter 6 Running and Debugging VIs Running VIs6-1 Configuring How a VI Runs6-2 Correcting Broken VIs6-2 Finding Causes for Broken VIs 6-2 Common Causes of Broken VIs6-3 Debugging Techniques 6-3 Execution Highlighting 6-5 Single-Stepping 6-5 Probe Tool 6-6 Types of Probes6-6 Generic6-6 Using Indicators to View Data 6-7 Supplied 6-7 Custom6-7 Breakpoints6-8 Suspending Execution 6-9 Determining the Current Instance of a SubVI 6-9 Commenting Out Sections of Block Diagrams 6-9 Disabling Debugging Tools 6-10 Undefined or Unexpected Data6-10 Default Data in Loops 6-11 For Loops 6-11 Default Data in Arrays6-11 Preventing Undefined Data 6-11 Error Checking and Error Handling6-12 Checking for Errors 6-12 Error Handling6-13 Error Clusters 6-13 Using While Loops for Error Handling 6-14 Using Case Structures for Error Handling 6-14Contents LabVIEW User Manual x nicom Chapter 7 Creating VIs and SubVIs Planning and Designing Your Project 7-1 Designing Projects with Multiple Developers 7-2 VI Templates 7-2 Creating VI Templates 7-3 Other Document Types 7-3 Using Built-In VIs and Functions 7-3 Building Instrument Control and Data Acquisition VIs and Functions 7-3 Building VIs That Access Other VIs 7-4 Building VIs That Communicate with Other Applications 7-4 SubVIs 7-4 Watching for Common Operations 7-5 Setting up the Connector Pane 7-6 Setting Required, Recommended, and Optional Inputs and Outputs 7-8 Creating an Icon 7-8 Displaying SubVIs and Express VIs as Icons or Expandable Nodes 7-9 Creating SubVIs from Sections of a VI 7-10 Designing SubVIs 7-10 Viewing the Hierarchy of VIs 7-11 Saving VIs 7-12 Advantages of Saving VIs as Individual Files 7-12 Advantages of Saving VIs as Libraries 7-12 Managing VIs in Libraries 7-13 Naming VIs 7-13 Saving for a Previous Version 7-14 Distributing VIs 7-14 Building Stand-Alone Applications and Shared Libraries 7-15 PART II Building and Editing VIs Chapter 8 Loops and Structures For Loop and While Loop Structures 8-2 For Loops 8-2 While Loops 8-2 Avoiding Infinite While Loops 8-3Contents © National Instruments Corporation xi LabVIEW User Manual Auto-Indexing Loops8-4 Auto-Indexing to Set the For Loop Count 8-4 Auto-Indexing with While Loops 8-5 Using Loops to Build Arrays8-5 Shift Registers and the Feedback Node in Loops8-6 Shift Registers8-6 Stacked Shift Registers 8-7 Replacing Shift Registers with Tunnels8-7 Replacing Tunnels with Shift Registers8-8 Feedback Node 8-8 Initializing Feedback Nodes8-10 Replacing Shift Registers with a Feedback Node8-10 Controlling Timing8-10 Case and Sequence Structures 8-11 Case Structures 8-11 Case Selector Values and Data Types8-11 Input and Output Tunnels 8-12 Using Case Structures for Error Handling 8-13 Sequence Structures8-13 Flat Sequence Structure 8-13 Stacked Sequence Structure 8-13 Using Sequence Structures8-14 Avoiding Overusing Sequence Structures8-15 Replacing Sequence Structures8-16 Chapter 9 Event-Driven Programming What Are Events? 9-1 Why Use Events? 9-2 Event Structure Components9-2 Notify and Filter Events9-4 Using Events in LabVIEW9-5 Static Event Registration9-7 Dynamic Event Registration 9-8 Dynamic Event Example 9-10 Modifying Registration Dynamically 9-11 User Events9-12 Creating and Registering User Events 9-12 Generating User Events 9-13 Unregistering User Events 9-13 User Event Example9-14Contents LabVIEW User Manual xii nicom Chapter 10 Grouping Data Using Strings, Arrays, and Clusters Strings 10-1 Strings on the Front Panel 10-2 String Display Types 10-2 Tables 10-2 Programmatically Editing Strings 10-3 Formatting Strings 10-4 Format Specifiers 10-4 Numerics and Strings 10-5 Converting Data to and from XML 10-5 Using XML-Based Data Types 10-7 LabVIEW XML Schema 10-8 Grouping Data with Arrays and Clusters 10-8 Arrays 10-8 Indexes 10-8 Examples of Arrays 10-9 Restrictions for Arrays 10-11 Creating Array Controls, Indicators, and Constants 10-11 Array Index Display 10-12 Array Functions 10-13 Automatically Resizing Array Functions 10-13 Clusters 10-14 Chapter 11 Local and Global Variables Local Variables 11-1 Creating Local Variables 11-2 Global Variables 11-2 Creating Global Variables 11-2 Read and Write Variables 11-3 Using Local and Global Variables Carefully 11-4 Initializing Local and Global Variables 11-4 Race Conditions 11-4 Memory Considerations when Using Local Variables 11-5 Memory Considerations when Using Global Variables 11-5Contents © National Instruments Corporation xiii LabVIEW User Manual Chapter 12 Graphs and Charts Types of Graphs and Charts12-1 Graph and Chart Options 12-2 Multiple X- and Y-Scales on Graphs and Charts 12-2 Anti-Aliased Line Plots for Graphs and Charts12-2 Customizing Graph and Chart Appearance12-3 Customizing Graphs 12-3 Graph Cursors 12-4 Autoscaling 12-5 Waveform Graph Scale Legend 12-5 Axis Formatting 12-5 Dynamically Formatting Graphs12-6 Using Smooth Updates12-6 Customizing Charts 12-6 Chart History Length 12-7 Chart Update Modes 12-7 Overlaid versus Stacked Plots12-7 Waveform and XY Graphs 12-8 Single-Plot Waveform Graph Data Types12-9 Multiplot Waveform Graph12-9 Single-Plot XY Graph Data Types12-10 Multiplot XY Graph Data Types12-11 Waveform Charts12-11 Intensity Graphs and Charts12-12 Color Mapping12-13 Intensity Chart Options12-14 Intensity Graph Options 12-14 Digital Waveform Graphs12-14 Masking Data12-17 3D Graphs 12-17 Waveform Data Type12-18 Digital Waveform Data Type 12-18 Chapter 13 Graphics and Sound VIs Using the Picture Indicator 13-1 Picture Plots VIs 13-2 Using the Polar Plot VI as a SubVI13-2 Using the Plot Waveform and Plot XY VIs as SubVIs13-3 Using the Smith Plot VIs as SubVIs13-3Contents LabVIEW User Manual xiv nicom Picture Functions VIs 13-4 Creating and Modifying Colors with the Picture Functions VIs 13-6 Graphics Formats VIs 13-6 Sound VIs 13-7 Chapter 14 File I/O Basics of File I/O 14-1 Choosing a File I/O Format 14-2 When to Use Text Files 14-2 When to Use Binary Files 14-3 When to Use Datalog Files 14-4 Using High-Level File I/O VIs 14-5 Using Low-Level and Advanced File I/O VIs and Functions 14-6 Disk Streaming 14-7 Creating Text and Spreadsheet Files 14-8 Formatting and Writing Data to Files 14-8 Scanning Data from Files 14-8 Creating Binary Files 14-9 Creating Datalog Files 14-9 Writing Waveforms to Files 14-10 Reading Waveforms from Files 14-10 Flow-Through Parameters 14-11 Creating Configuration Files 14-12 Using Configuration Settings Files 14-12 Windows Configuration Settings File Format 14-13 Logging Front Panel Data 14-14 Automatic and Interactive Front Panel Datalogging 14-15 Viewing the Logged Front Panel Data Interactively 14-15 Deleting a Record 14-16 Clearing the Log-File Binding 14-16 Changing the Log-File Binding 14-16 Retrieving Front Panel Data Programmatically 14-17 Retrieving Front Panel Data Using a SubVI 14-17 Specifying Records 14-18 Retrieving Front Panel Data Using File I/O Functions 14-18 LabVIEW Data Directory 14-19 LabVIEW Measurement Data File 14-20Contents © National Instruments Corporation xv LabVIEW User Manual Chapter 15 Documenting and Printing VIs Documenting VIs15-1 Setting up the VI Revision History 15-1 Revision Numbers15-2 Creating VI and Object Descriptions 15-2 Printing Documentation15-3 Saving Documentation to HTML, RTF, or Text Files15-3 Selecting Graphic Formats for HTML Files15-4 Naming Conventions for Graphic Files15-4 Creating Your Own Help Files 15-4 Printing VIs15-5 Printing the Active Window15-5 Printing VIs Programmatically15-6 Printing the Front Panel of a VI after the VI Runs 15-6 Using a SubVI to Print Data from a Higher Level VI 15-6 Generating and Printing Reports15-7 Additional Printing Techniques15-7 Chapter 16 Customizing VIs Configuring the Appearance and Behavior of VIs 16-1 Customizing Menus 16-2 Creating Menus 16-2 Menu Selection Handling16-3 Chapter 17 Programmatically Controlling VIs Capabilities of the VI Server 17-1 Building VI Server Applications 17-2 Application and VI References 17-3 Manipulating Application and VI Settings 17-3 Property Nodes 17-4 Implicitly Linked Property Nodes17-4 Invoke Nodes17-4 Manipulating Application Class Properties and Methods17-5 Manipulating VI Class Properties and Methods17-6 Manipulating Application and VI Class Properties and Methods17-6Contents LabVIEW User Manual xvi nicom Dynamically Loading and Calling VIs 17-7 Call By Reference Nodes and Strictly Typed VI Refnums 17-7 Editing and Running VIs on Remote Computers 17-8 Controlling Front Panel Objects 17-8 Strictly Typed and Weakly Typed Control Refnums 17-9 Chapter 18 Networking in LabVIEW Choosing among File I/O, VI Server, ActiveX, and Networking 18-1 LabVIEW as a Network Client and Server 18-2 Using DataSocket Technology 18-2 Specifying a URL 18-3 Data Formats Supported by DataSocket 18-4 Using DataSocket on the Front Panel 18-5 Reading and Writing Live Data through the Block Diagram 18-6 Programmatically Opening and Closing DataSocket Connections 18-7 Buffering DataSocket Data 18-7 Reporting Diagnostics 18-8 DataSocket and Variant Data 18-9 Publishing VIs on the Web 18-10 Web Server Options 18-10 Creating HTML Documents 18-11 Publishing Front Panel Images 18-11 Front Panel Image Formats 18-11 Viewing and Controlling Front Panels Remotely 18-12 Configuring the Server for Clients 18-12 Remote Panel License 18-12 Viewing and Controlling Front Panels in LabVIEW or from a Web Browser 18-13 Viewing and Controlling Front Panels in LabVIEW 18-13 Viewing and Controlling Front Panels from a Web Browser 18-14 Functionality Not Supported in Viewing and Controlling Remote Front Panels 18-15 Emailing Data from VIs 18-16 Selecting a Character Set 18-16 US-ASCII Character Set 18-17 ISO Latin-1 Character Set 18-17 Mac OS Character Set 18-17 Transliteration 18-18Contents © National Instruments Corporation xvii LabVIEW User Manual Low-Level Communications Applications18-19 TCP and UDP18-19 Apple Events and PPC Toolbox (Mac OS) 18-20 Pipe VIs (UNIX)18-20 Executing System-Level Commands (Windows and UNIX)18-20 Chapter 19 Windows Connectivity NET Environment19-2 NET Functions and Nodes19-3 LabVIEW as a NET Client 19-4 Data Type Mapping 19-5 Deploying NET Applications 19-5 Deploying an Executable19-5 Deploying VIs 19-6 Deploying DLLs19-6 Configuring a NET Client Application (Advanced)19-6 ActiveX Objects, Properties, Methods, and Events19-6 ActiveX VIs, Functions, Controls, and Indicators 19-7 LabVIEW as an ActiveX Client 19-7 Accessing an ActiveX-Enabled Application19-8 Inserting an ActiveX Object on the Front Panel 19-8 Design Mode for ActiveX Objects19-9 Setting ActiveX Properties19-9 ActiveX Property Browser19-9 ActiveX Property Pages 19-9 Property Nodes19-10 LabVIEW as an ActiveX Server19-11 Support for Custom ActiveX Automation Interfaces19-11 Using Constants to Set Parameters in ActiveX VIs19-11 ActiveX Events 19-12 Handling ActiveX Events19-13 Chapter 20 Calling Code from Text-Based Programming Languages Call Library Function Node20-1 Code Interface Node 20-1Contents LabVIEW User Manual xviii nicom Chapter 21 Formulas and Equations Methods for Using Equations in LabVIEW 21-1 Formula Nodes 21-1 Using the Formula Node 21-2 Variables in the Formula Node 21-3 Expression Nodes 21-3 Polymorphism in Expression Nodes 21-4 MATLAB Script Nodes 21-4 Programming Suggestions for MATLAB Scripts 21-5 Appendix A Organization of LabVIEW Organization of the LabVIEW Directory Structure A-1 Libraries A-1 Structure and Support A-2 Learning and Instruction A-2 Documentation A-2 Mac OS A-2 Suggested Location for Saving Files A-2 Appendix B Polymorphic Functions Numeric Conversion B-1 Polymorphism for Numeric Functions B-2 Polymorphism for Boolean Functions B-4 Polymorphism for Array Functions B-5 Polymorphism for String Functions B-5 Polymorphism for String Conversion Functions B-5 Polymorphism for Additional String to Number Functions B-5 Polymorphism for Cluster Functions B-6 Polymorphism for Comparison Functions B-6 Polymorphism for Log Functions B-7 Appendix C Comparison Functions Comparing Boolean Values C-1 Comparing Strings C-1 Comparing Numerics C-2Contents © National Instruments Corporation xix LabVIEW User Manual Comparing Arrays and ClustersC-2 Arrays C-2 Compare Elements ModeC-2 Compare Aggregates Mode C-3 ClustersC-3 Compare Elements ModeC-3 Compare Aggregates Mode C-3